Zinthu zachilendo zimenezi zinakopa chidwi cha akonzi a C&EN chaka chino
by Krystal Vasquez
CHINSINSI CHA PEPTO-BISMOL
Chithunzi: Nat. Commun.
Kapangidwe ka Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = pinki; O = wofiira; C = imvi)
Chaka chino, gulu la ofufuza ochokera ku Stockholm University linapeza chinsinsi cha zaka zana: kapangidwe ka bismuth subsalicylate, chomwe chimagwira ntchito mu Pepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29566-0). Pogwiritsa ntchito ma electron diffraction, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti chigawochi chili m'magawo ofanana ndi ndodo. Pakati pa ndodo iliyonse, ma oxygen anion amasinthasintha pakati pa kulumikiza ma bismuth cations atatu ndi anayi. Pakadali pano, ma salicylate anions amalumikizana ndi bismuth kudzera m'magulu awo a carboxylic kapena phenolic. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zama electron microscopy, ofufuzawo adapezanso kusiyana kwa kuyika ma layer stacking. Akukhulupirira kuti dongosololi losokonezeka lingathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake kapangidwe ka bismuth subsalicylate katha kuthawa asayansi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chithunzi: Mwachilolezo cha Roozbeh Jafari
Zoyezera za graphene zomwe zimamatiridwa ku dzanja lamanja zimatha kupereka miyeso yopitilira ya kuthamanga kwa magazi.
MA TATOO A KUPIKIZIRA MAGAZI
Kwa zaka zoposa 100, kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi anu kwatanthauza kuti dzanja lanu lizimitsidwa ndi chogwirira chopumira. Komabe, vuto limodzi la njira iyi ndilakuti muyeso uliwonse umangoyimira chithunzi chaching'ono cha thanzi la mtima wa munthu. Koma mu 2022, asayansi adapanga "tattoo" yakanthawi yomwe imatha kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zonse kwa maola angapo nthawi imodzi (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01145-w). Gulu la masensa okhala ndi kaboni limagwira ntchito potumiza magetsi ang'onoang'ono kumanja kwa wovala ndikuyang'anira momwe magetsi amasinthira pamene magetsi akuyenda m'thupi. Mtengo uwu umagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi, komwe algorithm ya kompyuta ingatanthauzire mu muyeso wa systolic ndi diastolic blood pressure. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa olemba kafukufukuyu, Roozbeh Jafari wa ku Texas A&M University, chipangizochi chingapereke madokotala njira yosawoneka bwino yowunikira thanzi la mtima wa wodwala kwa nthawi yayitali. Zingathandizenso akatswiri azachipatala kuchotsa zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza kuthamanga kwa magazi—monga kupita kwa dokotala kukakumana ndi mavuto.
ANTHU OPANDA CHIKONDI
Ngongole: Mikal Schlosser/TU Denmark
Odzipereka anayi adakhala m'chipinda cholamulidwa ndi nyengo kuti ofufuza athe kuphunzira momwe anthu amakhudzira mpweya wabwino m'nyumba.
Asayansi akudziwa kuti zinthu zotsukira, utoto, ndi zotsukira mpweya zonse zimakhudza ubwino wa mpweya wa m'nyumba. Ofufuza adapeza chaka chino kuti anthu nawonso angathe. Mwa kuyika odzipereka anayi m'chipinda cholamulidwa ndi nyengo, gulu linapeza kuti mafuta achilengedwe pakhungu la anthu amatha kuchita ndi ozone mumlengalenga kuti apange ma radicals a hydroxyl (OH) (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0340). Akapangidwa, ma radicals amenewa amatha kusakaniza mankhwala owuluka m'mlengalenga ndikupanga mamolekyu omwe angakhale oopsa. Mafuta a pakhungu omwe amagwira nawo ntchito imeneyi ndi squalene, yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi ozone kuti ipange 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO). Kenako ozone imagwira ntchito ndi 6-MHO kuti ipange OH. Ofufuzawo akukonzekera kumanga pa ntchitoyi pofufuza momwe milingo ya ma radicals opangidwa ndi anthuwa ingasiyane malinga ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, akuyembekeza kuti zomwe apezazi zipangitsa asayansi kuganiziranso momwe amawunikira chemistry ya m'nyumba, popeza anthu nthawi zambiri samawonedwa ngati magwero a mpweya woipa.
SAYANSI YOTETEZEKA PA CHICHULE
Kuti aphunzire mankhwala omwe amatulutsa poizoni kuchokera ku achule kuti adziteteze, ofufuza ayenera kutenga zitsanzo za khungu kuchokera ku nyamazo. Koma njira zomwe zilipo kale zopezera zitsanzo nthawi zambiri zimavulaza amphibians ofooka awa kapena zimafuna euthanasia. Mu 2022, asayansi adapanga njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera achule pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotchedwa MasSpec Pen, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito sampler yofanana ndi cholembera kuti chitenge ma alkaloid omwe ali kumbuyo kwa nyamazo (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00035). Chipangizochi chinapangidwa ndi Livia Eberlin, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamankhwala ku University of Texas ku Austin. Poyamba cholinga chake chinali kuthandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kusiyanitsa pakati pa minofu yathanzi ndi khansa m'thupi la munthu, koma Eberlin adazindikira kuti chidachi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphunzira achule atakumana ndi Lauren O'Connell, katswiri wa zamoyo ku Stanford University yemwe amaphunzira momwe achule amagwiritsira ntchito kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kupha ma alkaloid.
Chithunzi: Livia Eberlin
Cholembera cha mass spectrometry chingathe kuyesa khungu la achule a poizoni popanda kuvulaza nyama.
Ngongole: Science/Zhenan Bao
Maelekitirodi otambasuka komanso oyenda bwino amatha kuyeza ntchito yamagetsi ya minofu ya octopus.
Ma electrode oyenera nyama ya octopus
Kupanga bioelectronics kungakhale phunziro la mgwirizano. Ma polima osinthasintha nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba pamene mphamvu zawo zamagetsi zikukwera. Koma gulu la ofufuza lotsogozedwa ndi Zhenan Bao wa ku Stanford University linapanga electrode yomwe imatambasuka komanso yoyendetsa, kuphatikiza zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chinthu chotsutsana ndi electrode ndi magawo ake olumikizana—gawo lililonse limakonzedwa kuti likhale loyendetsa kapena losavuta kusintha kuti lisagonjetse mphamvu za linalo. Pofuna kuwonetsa luso lake, Bao adagwiritsa ntchito electrode kuti alimbikitse ma neuron mu tsinde la ubongo wa mbewa ndikuyesa mphamvu zamagetsi za minofu ya octopus. Adawonetsa zotsatira za mayeso onse awiri pamsonkhano wa American Chemical Society's Fall 2022.
Matabwa Osagwidwa ndi Zipolopolo
Chithunzi: ACS Nano
Chida ichi chamatabwa chimatha kuthamangitsa zipolopolo popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Chaka chino, gulu la ofufuza lotsogozedwa ndi Huazhong University of Science and Technology's Huazhong University of Science and Technology lapanga chida chamatabwa cholimba mokwanira kuti chiteteze chipolopolo kuchokera ku mfuti ya 9 mm (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10725). Mphamvu ya matabwa imachokera ku mapepala ake osinthika a lignocellulose ndi polima ya siloxane yolumikizidwa. Lignocellulose imakana kusweka chifukwa cha ma hydrogen bonds ake achiwiri, omwe amatha kupangidwanso akasweka. Pakadali pano, polima yokhotakhota imakhala yolimba ikagundidwa. Kuti apange chidacho, Li adapeza chilimbikitso kuchokera ku pirarucu, nsomba yaku South America yokhala ndi khungu lolimba mokwanira kuti ipirire mano akuthwa ngati a piranha. Chifukwa chida chamatabwacho ndi chopepuka kuposa zida zina zosagwedezeka, monga chitsulo, ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti matabwawo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo komanso paulendo wa pandege.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-19-2022