Akatswiri a zamankhwala m'masukulu ndi mafakitale amakambirana zomwe zidzakhale mitu yankhani chaka chamawa

Akatswiri 6 amaneneratu zomwe zidzachitike mu 2023

Akatswiri a zamankhwala m'masukulu ndi mafakitale amakambirana zomwe zidzakhale mitu yankhani chaka chamawa

Ngongole: Will Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock

MAHER EL-KADY, MKULU WA TECHNOLOGY OFFICER, NANOTECH ENERGY, NDI ELECTROCHEMIST, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES

Ngongole: Mwachilolezo cha Maher El-Kady

"Kuti tithetse kudalira kwathu mafuta oyaka komanso kuchepetsa mpweya wathu wa kaboni, njira yokhayo yeniyeni ndikuyika magetsi chilichonse kuyambira kunyumba mpaka magalimoto.M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, takumana ndi zopambana zazikulu pakupanga ndi kupanga mabatire amphamvu kwambiri omwe akuyembekezeka kusintha kwambiri njira yomwe timayendera kupita kuntchito ndikuchezera anzathu ndi abale.Kuti titsimikizire kusintha kwathunthu ku mphamvu yamagetsi, kukonzanso kwina kwa kachulukidwe ka mphamvu, nthawi yowonjezeredwa, chitetezo, kubwezeretsanso, ndi mtengo pa ola la kilowatt ndizofunikirabe.Munthu angayembekezere kuti kafukufuku wa batri adzakula kwambiri mu 2023 ndi kuchuluka kwa akatswiri azamankhwala ndi asayansi omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti athandizire kuyika magalimoto ambiri amagetsi pamsewu. "

KLAUS LACKNER, DIRECTOR, CENTRE FOR NEGATIVE CARBON EMISSIONS, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

Credit: Arizona State University

“Pofika pa COP27, [msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa za chilengedwe womwe unachitikira mu November ku Egypt], cholinga cha nyengo ya 1.5 °C sichinamveke bwino, kutsindika kufunika kochotsa mpweya.Chifukwa chake, 2023 iwona kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wojambula molunjika.Amapereka njira yochepetsera kutulutsa koyipa, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pakuwongolera zinyalala za kaboni.Komabe, kulanda mpweya mwachindunji kumatha kuyamba pang'ono ndikukulirakulira m'malo mokulira.Mofanana ndi mapanelo adzuwa, zida zotengera mpweya mwachindunji zitha kupangidwa mochuluka.Kupanga kwakukulu kwawonetsa kutsika kwamitengo potengera kuchuluka kwake.2023 ikhoza kupereka chithunzithunzi chomwe mwaukadaulo woperekedwawo ungatengerepo mwayi pakuchepetsa mtengo komwe kumachitika popanga anthu ambiri. "

RALPH MARQUARDT, WOGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOPHUNZITSA, EVONIK INDUSTRIES

Ngongole: Evonik Industries

“Kuletsa kusintha kwa nyengo ndi ntchito yaikulu.Zingathe kuchita bwino ngati tigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa kwambiri.Chuma chenicheni chozungulira ndichofunikira pa izi.Zothandizira zamakampani opanga mankhwala pa izi zikuphatikiza zida zatsopano, njira zatsopano, ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimathandiza kukonza njira yobwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zidagwiritsidwa kale ntchito.Amapangitsa kuti makina obwezeretsanso azitha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso amathandizira kukonzanso kwamankhwala kwanzeru ngakhale kupitilira pyrolysis.Kusandutsa zinyalala kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali kumafuna ukatswiri wochokera kumakampani opanga mankhwala.Pakuzungulira kwenikweni, zinyalala zimasinthidwanso ndipo zimakhala zopangira zinthu zatsopano.Komabe, tiyenera kukhala ofulumira;zatsopano zathu zikufunika tsopano kuti tithandizire chuma chozungulira mtsogolomu. "

SARAH E. O'CONNOR, DIRECTOR, DIPARTMENT OF NATURAL PRODUCT BIOSYNTHESIS, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL ECOLOGY

Ngongole: Sebastian Reuters

“Njira za '-Omics' zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira majini ndi michere yomwe mabakiteriya, bowa, zomera, ndi zamoyo zina amagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe zovuta.Ma jini ndi ma enzymes awa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza ndi njira zama mankhwala, kuti apange nsanja zopangira ma biocatalytic a mamolekyu osawerengeka.Tsopano titha kuchita '-omics' pa selo limodzi.Ndikulosera kuti tiwona momwe ma transcriptomics a cell single cell ndi genomics akusinthira liwiro lomwe timapeza ma jini ndi ma enzymes.Ndiponso, kugwiritsira ntchito selo limodzi lotchedwa metabolomics tsopano kuli kotheka, kutitheketsa kuyeza kuchuluka kwa makemikolo mu selo lirilonse, kutipatsa chithunzi cholondola kwambiri cha mmene selo limagwirira ntchito monga fakitale ya makemikolo.”

RICHMOND SARPONG, ORGANIC CHEMIST, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Ngongole: Niki Stefanelli

"Kumvetsetsa bwino kwa zovuta za mamolekyu achilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, kusiyanitsa pakati pa zovuta zamapangidwe ndi kuphweka kwa kaphatikizidwe, kupitilirabe kuchokera kukupita patsogolo kwa kuphunzira kwamakina, zomwe zipangitsanso kuti kufulumizitsa kukhathamiritsa ndi kulosera.Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kudzapatsa njira zatsopano zoganizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala.Njira imodzi yochitira izi ndi kupanga masinthidwe ozungulira mamolekyu ndipo ina ndiyo kukhudza kusintha kwapakati pa mamolekyu pokonza zigoba za mamolekyu.Chifukwa minyewa ya mamolekyu a organic imakhala ndi zomangira zolimba monga carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, ndi carbon-oxygen bonds, ndikukhulupirira kuti tidzawona kukula kwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito mitundu iyi ya zomangira, makamaka mu machitidwe osasunthika.Kupita patsogolo kwa photoredox catalysis kungathandizenso kuti pakhale njira zatsopano zosinthira chigoba. ”

ALISON WENDLANDT, ORGANIC CHEMIST, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Ngongole: Justin Knight

"Mu 2023, akatswiri azamankhwala azachilengedwe apitiliza kukankhira zinthu monyanyira.Ndikuyembekeza kuwonjezereka kwa njira zosinthira zomwe zimapereka kulondola kwa mulingo wa atomu komanso zida zatsopano zopangira ma macromolecules.Ndikupitilizabe kulimbikitsidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa matekinoloje omwe anali pafupi ndi zida za organic chemistry: biocatalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, and sophisticated data science tools zikuchulukirachulukira.Ndikuyembekeza kuti njira zogwiritsira ntchito zidazi zidzaphuka bwino, kutibweretsera chemistry yomwe sitinaganizirepo. "

Zindikirani: Mayankho onse adatumizidwa kudzera pa imelo.