| Chilengedwe cha mankhwala | Ufa woyera, wopanda kukoma komanso wopanda fungo. Sungunuka mu asidi wosungunuka, umasungunuka m'madzi, susungunuka mu zosungunulira zachilengedwe monga ethanol, ether ndi chloroform. Sungunuka ku kuwala ndi kutentha, umakhala wokhazikika mumlengalenga ndipo umakhala wosalala. | |
| Mapulogalamu | Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (magnesium-1-ascorbyl-2phosphate) ndi mtundu wa vitamini C wokhazikika, wopangidwa ndi kupanga. Akuti ndi wothandiza ngati vitamini C pakulamulira kapangidwe ka collagen, komanso ngati anti-oxidant. | |
| Mawonekedwe enieni | Ufa woyera | |
| Nthawi yosungira zinthu | Malinga ndi zomwe takumana nazo, mankhwalawa akhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku 12.miyezi kuyambira tsiku loperekedwa ngati zasungidwa m'zidebe zotsekedwa bwino, zotetezedwa ku kuwala ndi kutentha ndikusungidwa kutentha pakati pa 5 -30°C. | |
| Tkatundu wamba | kusungunuka | 8g/100ml madzi (25℃) |
| Kusungunuka kwa Madzi | 789g/L pa 20℃ | |
| Kuchulukana | 1.74 [pa 20℃] | |
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, chonde tsatirani malangizo ndi chidziwitso chomwe chaperekedwa mu pepala la deta yachitetezo ndipo tsatirani njira zodzitetezera komanso zaukhondo kuntchito zoyenera pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala.
Deta yomwe ili m'buku lino imachokera ku chidziwitso chathu chamakono komanso zomwe takumana nazo. Poganizira zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malonda athu, deta iyi siimasula opanga kuti achite kafukufuku wawo ndi kuyesa; deta iyi sikutanthauza chitsimikizo chilichonse cha katundu wina, kapena kuyenerera kwa malondawo pacholinga china. Mafotokozedwe aliwonse, zojambula, zithunzi, deta, kuchuluka, kulemera, ndi zina zotero zomwe zaperekedwa pano zitha kusintha popanda chidziwitso cham'mbuyomu ndipo sizipanga mtundu wa malonda womwe wavomerezedwa. Ubwino wa malonda womwe wavomerezedwa umachokera kokha ku mawu omwe aperekedwa mu ndondomeko ya malonda. Ndi udindo wa wolandira malonda athu kuonetsetsa kuti ufulu uliwonse wa mwiniwake ndi malamulo ndi malamulo omwe alipo akutsatiridwa.